Snapshot
The global Trim Presses market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Trim Presses by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Horizontal Trim Press
Vertical Trim Press
Gap Frame Presses
C-Frame Presses
Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
KUKA
Corsteel Hydraulics
Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry
Erie Press
AFS (ATS)
Macrodyne Technologies Inc.
Reis Robotics
Thermoforming Systems
Neff Press
Lyle Industries, LLC.
Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Automotive
Insulation
Engineering Machinery
Other Application
Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
The global Trim Presses market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Trim Presses by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Horizontal Trim Press
Vertical Trim Press
Gap Frame Presses
C-Frame Presses
Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
KUKA
Corsteel Hydraulics
Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry
Erie Press
AFS (ATS)
Macrodyne Technologies Inc.
Reis Robotics
Thermoforming Systems
Neff Press
Lyle Industries, LLC.
Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Automotive
Insulation
Engineering Machinery
Other Application
Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Trim Presses Industry
Figure Trim Presses Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Trim Presses
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Trim Presses
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Trim Presses
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Trim Presses Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Horizontal Trim Press
Table Major Company List of Horizontal Trim Press
3.1.2 Vertical Trim Press
Table Major Company List of Vertical Trim Press
3.1.3 Gap Frame Presses
Table Major Company List of Gap Frame Presses
3.1.4 C-Frame Presses
Table Major Company List of C-Frame Presses
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Trim Presses Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Trim Presses Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 KUKA (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 KUKA Profile
Table KUKA Overview List
4.1.2 KUKA Products & Services
4.1.3 KUKA Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of KUKA (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 Corsteel Hydraulics (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 Corsteel Hydraulics Profile
Table Corsteel Hydraulics Overview List
4.2.2 Corsteel Hydraulics Products & Services
4.2.3 Corsteel Hydraulics Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Corsteel Hydraulics (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Profile
Table Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Overview List
4.3.2 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Products & Services
4.3.3 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 Erie Press (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 Erie Press Profile
Table Erie Press Overview List
4.4.2 Erie Press Products & Services
4.4.3 Erie Press Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Erie Press (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 AFS (ATS) (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 AFS (ATS) Profile
Table AFS (ATS) Overview List
4.5.2 AFS (ATS) Products & Services
4.5.3 AFS (ATS) Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of AFS (ATS) (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Profile
Table Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Overview List
4.6.2 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Products & Services
4.6.3 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Macrodyne Technologies Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 Reis Robotics (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 Reis Robotics Profile
Table Reis Robotics Overview List
4.7.2 Reis Robotics Products & Services
4.7.3 Reis Robotics Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Reis Robotics (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 Thermoforming Systems (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 Thermoforming Systems Profile
Table Thermoforming Systems Overview List
4.8.2 Thermoforming Systems Products & Services
4.8.3 Thermoforming Systems Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Thermoforming Systems (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.9 Neff Press (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.9.1 Neff Press Profile
Table Neff Press Overview List
4.9.2 Neff Press Products & Services
4.9.3 Neff Press Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Neff Press (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.10 Lyle Industries, LLC. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.10.1 Lyle Industries, LLC. Profile
Table Lyle Industries, LLC. Overview List
4.10.2 Lyle Industries, LLC. Products & Services
4.10.3 Lyle Industries, LLC. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Lyle Industries, LLC. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Trim Presses Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Automotive
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Automotive, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Automotive, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Insulation
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Insulation, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Insulation, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.3 Demand in Engineering Machinery
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Engineering Machinery, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Engineering Machinery, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.4 Demand in Other Application
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Other Application, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Other Application, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Trim Presses Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Trim Presses Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Trim Presses Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Trim Presses Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Trim Presses Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Trim Presses Industry
Figure Trim Presses Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Trim Presses
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Trim Presses
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Trim Presses
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Trim Presses Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Horizontal Trim Press
Table Major Company List of Horizontal Trim Press
3.1.2 Vertical Trim Press
Table Major Company List of Vertical Trim Press
3.1.3 Gap Frame Presses
Table Major Company List of Gap Frame Presses
3.1.4 C-Frame Presses
Table Major Company List of C-Frame Presses
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Trim Presses Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Trim Presses Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 KUKA (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 KUKA Profile
Table KUKA Overview List
4.1.2 KUKA Products & Services
4.1.3 KUKA Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of KUKA (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 Corsteel Hydraulics (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 Corsteel Hydraulics Profile
Table Corsteel Hydraulics Overview List
4.2.2 Corsteel Hydraulics Products & Services
4.2.3 Corsteel Hydraulics Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Corsteel Hydraulics (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Profile
Table Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Overview List
4.3.2 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Products & Services
4.3.3 Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Shin Tokai Die Casting Industry (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 Erie Press (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 Erie Press Profile
Table Erie Press Overview List
4.4.2 Erie Press Products & Services
4.4.3 Erie Press Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Erie Press (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 AFS (ATS) (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 AFS (ATS) Profile
Table AFS (ATS) Overview List
4.5.2 AFS (ATS) Products & Services
4.5.3 AFS (ATS) Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of AFS (ATS) (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Profile
Table Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Overview List
4.6.2 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Products & Services
4.6.3 Macrodyne Technologies Inc. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Macrodyne Technologies Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 Reis Robotics (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 Reis Robotics Profile
Table Reis Robotics Overview List
4.7.2 Reis Robotics Products & Services
4.7.3 Reis Robotics Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Reis Robotics (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 Thermoforming Systems (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 Thermoforming Systems Profile
Table Thermoforming Systems Overview List
4.8.2 Thermoforming Systems Products & Services
4.8.3 Thermoforming Systems Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Thermoforming Systems (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.9 Neff Press (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.9.1 Neff Press Profile
Table Neff Press Overview List
4.9.2 Neff Press Products & Services
4.9.3 Neff Press Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Neff Press (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.10 Lyle Industries, LLC. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.10.1 Lyle Industries, LLC. Profile
Table Lyle Industries, LLC. Overview List
4.10.2 Lyle Industries, LLC. Products & Services
4.10.3 Lyle Industries, LLC. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Lyle Industries, LLC. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Trim Presses Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Trim Presses Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Trim Presses Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Automotive
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Automotive, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Automotive, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Insulation
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Insulation, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Insulation, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.3 Demand in Engineering Machinery
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Engineering Machinery, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Engineering Machinery, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.4 Demand in Other Application
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Other Application, 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Demand in Other Application, 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Trim Presses Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Trim Presses Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Trim Presses Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Trim Presses Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Trim Presses Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Trim Presses Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Trim Presses Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Trim Presses Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Trim Presses Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion
