Low melt fiber is used as a hotkey bicomponent fiber in optical fiber, its structure is commonly sheath and core. It consists of sheath core polymer and polymer. Melting point of polymer sheath is lower than the melting point of polymer core.
The low melt fiber is highly concentrated.Major manufacturers concentrated in South Korea and China, such as Huvis, Toray Chemical Chesapeake, FETL, Nan Ya Plastics etc. At present, Huvis is a global leader, occupied a 24.76% market share in 2019.
LBI Research has conducted highly extensive and reliable research and analysis on the global Low Melt Fiber market. The market research report offered here is a very useful resource that can help manufacturers, stakeholders, decision-makers, and other market participants to become familiar with every factor impacting the growth of the global Low Melt Fiber market. The analysts authoring the report have closely studied key strategies adopted by top players of the global Low Melt Fiber market. The report includes SWOT, and other market analyses to provide a clear and deep understanding of important aspects of the global Low Melt Fiber market. Readers of the report can become informed about current and future trends of the global Low Melt Fiber market and how they will impact market growth during the forecast period.
The global market size is accurately estimated in terms of revenue as well as volume for each year of the forecast period. The report offers reliable price analysis by region, manufacturer, each type segment, and global price analysis for the period 2015-2020. Furthermore, it provides price analysis by each type segment and manufacturer for the period 2015-2025.
Geographic Segmentation
The report offers exhaustive assessment of different region-wise Low Melt Fiber markets such as North America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and India, etc. Key regions covered in the report are U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E
For the period 2015-2025, the report provides country-wise revenue and volume sales analysis and region-wise revenue and volume analysis of the global Low Melt Fiber market. For the period 2015-2020, it provides sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of different regional markets by each application as well as type segment in terms of volume.
Manufacturers
The report includes comprehensive company profiling of leading and emerging companies competing in the global Low Melt Fiber market. It provides a detailed list of players operating at a global level. The players have been listed according to the type of products they offer in the global Low Melt Fiber market and other factors. As part of the company profiling, the analysts authoring the report has provided the market entry year of each player considered for the research study. The report also offers extensive price, volume sales, and revenue analysis by the manufacturer at the global level for the period 2015-2020.
By Type and Application Segments
The report includes a detailed analysis of leading and type and application segments of the global Low Melt Fiber market. All of the segments covered in the report are broadly analyzed based on some deciding factors. The segmental analysis section of the report offers revenue sales analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each type segment for the period 2015-2025. It also offers volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each type segment for the same period. Also, it provides volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each application segment for the same period.
This report includes the following manufacturers:
Huvis
Toray Chemical Korea
FETL
Nan Ya Plastics
XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company
Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
DAFA FIBER
Taekwang
IFG Exelto NV
Hickory Springs
Dividan
Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
CNV Corporation
Shyam Fibers
Market Segment by Type
Melting Point below 130 ℃
Melting Point above 130 ℃
Melting point ≤130℃ is the most used type in 2019, with over 60% market share.
Market Segment by Application
Automotive
Textile
Construction
Others
Globally, the textile industry is the largest application market, the textile industry took 53.53% of low melt fiber downstream industry application in 2019.
Research Methodology
To compile the detailed study of the global Low Melt Fiber market, a robust research methodology has been adopted that aids in determining the key insights and also evaluates the growth prospects of the Low Melt Fiber market. LBI Research analysts have conducted in-depth primary and secondary research to obtain crucial insights into the Low Melt Fiber market. To carry out secondary research, the analysts have collected the information through company annual reports, journals, company press releases, and paid databases that were referred to gain and identify better opportunities in the global market.
The low melt fiber is highly concentrated.Major manufacturers concentrated in South Korea and China, such as Huvis, Toray Chemical Chesapeake, FETL, Nan Ya Plastics etc. At present, Huvis is a global leader, occupied a 24.76% market share in 2019.
LBI Research has conducted highly extensive and reliable research and analysis on the global Low Melt Fiber market. The market research report offered here is a very useful resource that can help manufacturers, stakeholders, decision-makers, and other market participants to become familiar with every factor impacting the growth of the global Low Melt Fiber market. The analysts authoring the report have closely studied key strategies adopted by top players of the global Low Melt Fiber market. The report includes SWOT, and other market analyses to provide a clear and deep understanding of important aspects of the global Low Melt Fiber market. Readers of the report can become informed about current and future trends of the global Low Melt Fiber market and how they will impact market growth during the forecast period.
The global market size is accurately estimated in terms of revenue as well as volume for each year of the forecast period. The report offers reliable price analysis by region, manufacturer, each type segment, and global price analysis for the period 2015-2020. Furthermore, it provides price analysis by each type segment and manufacturer for the period 2015-2025.
Geographic Segmentation
The report offers exhaustive assessment of different region-wise Low Melt Fiber markets such as North America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and India, etc. Key regions covered in the report are U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E
For the period 2015-2025, the report provides country-wise revenue and volume sales analysis and region-wise revenue and volume analysis of the global Low Melt Fiber market. For the period 2015-2020, it provides sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of different regional markets by each application as well as type segment in terms of volume.
Manufacturers
The report includes comprehensive company profiling of leading and emerging companies competing in the global Low Melt Fiber market. It provides a detailed list of players operating at a global level. The players have been listed according to the type of products they offer in the global Low Melt Fiber market and other factors. As part of the company profiling, the analysts authoring the report has provided the market entry year of each player considered for the research study. The report also offers extensive price, volume sales, and revenue analysis by the manufacturer at the global level for the period 2015-2020.
By Type and Application Segments
The report includes a detailed analysis of leading and type and application segments of the global Low Melt Fiber market. All of the segments covered in the report are broadly analyzed based on some deciding factors. The segmental analysis section of the report offers revenue sales analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each type segment for the period 2015-2025. It also offers volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each type segment for the same period. Also, it provides volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global Low Melt Fiber market by each application segment for the same period.
This report includes the following manufacturers:
Huvis
Toray Chemical Korea
FETL
Nan Ya Plastics
XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company
Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
DAFA FIBER
Taekwang
IFG Exelto NV
Hickory Springs
Dividan
Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
CNV Corporation
Shyam Fibers
Market Segment by Type
Melting Point below 130 ℃
Melting Point above 130 ℃
Melting point ≤130℃ is the most used type in 2019, with over 60% market share.
Market Segment by Application
Automotive
Textile
Construction
Others
Globally, the textile industry is the largest application market, the textile industry took 53.53% of low melt fiber downstream industry application in 2019.
Research Methodology
To compile the detailed study of the global Low Melt Fiber market, a robust research methodology has been adopted that aids in determining the key insights and also evaluates the growth prospects of the Low Melt Fiber market. LBI Research analysts have conducted in-depth primary and secondary research to obtain crucial insights into the Low Melt Fiber market. To carry out secondary research, the analysts have collected the information through company annual reports, journals, company press releases, and paid databases that were referred to gain and identify better opportunities in the global market.
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Top Low Melt Fiber Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Market Size by Type: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026 (US$ Million)
1.3.2 Melting Point below 130 ℃
1.3.3 Melting Point above 130 ℃
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Consumption by Application: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026
1.4.2 Automotive
1.4.3 Textile
1.4.4 Construction
1.4.5 Others
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Market Perspective
2.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue (2015-2026)
2.1.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue (2015-2026)
2.1.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales (2015-2026)
2.2 Low Melt Fiber Market Size across Key Geographies Worldwide: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026
2.2.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
2.2.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
2.3 Global Top Low Melt Fiber Regions (Countries) Ranking by Market Size
2.4 Low Melt Fiber Industry Trends
2.4.1 Low Melt Fiber Market Top Trends
2.4.2 Market Drivers
2.4.3 Low Melt Fiber Market Challenges
2.4.4 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.4.5 Primary Interviews with Key Low Melt Fiber Players: Views for Future
3 Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
3.1 Global Top Low Melt Fiber Manufacturers by Sales (2015-2020)
3.1.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
3.1.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
3.1.3 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Low Melt Fiber Sales in 2019
3.2 Global Top Manufacturers Low Melt Fiber by Revenue
3.2.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
3.2.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
3.2.3 Global Low Melt Fiber Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Low Melt Fiber as of 2019)
3.4 Global Low Melt Fiber Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers
3.5 Key Manufacturers Low Melt Fiber Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Low Melt Fiber Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers Low Melt Fiber Product Offered
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Historic Market Review by Type (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.1.3 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
4.1.4 Low Melt Fiber Price by Type (2015-2020)
4.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Market Estimates and Forecasts by Type (2021-2026)
4.2.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
4.2.3 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
4.2.4 Low Melt Fiber Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
5 Global Low Melt Fiber Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Historic Market Review by Application (2015-2020)
5.1.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
5.1.3 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Low Melt Fiber Price by Application (2015-2020)
5.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Market Estimates and Forecasts by Application (2021-2026)
5.2.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
5.2.3 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
5.2.4 Low Melt Fiber Price Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
6 North America
6.1 North America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 North America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 North America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Application
6.4 North America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Countries
6.4.1 North America Low Melt Fiber Sales by Countries
6.4.2 North America Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Countries
6.4.3 U.S.
6.4.4 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 Europe Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 Europe Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Application
7.4 Europe Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Countries
7.4.1 Europe Low Melt Fiber Sales by Countries
7.4.2 Europe Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Countries
7.4.3 Germany
7.4.4 France
7.4.5 U.K.
7.4.6 Italy
7.4.7 Russia
8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Application
8.4 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Regions
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Sales by Regions
8.4.2 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Regions
8.4.3 China
8.4.4 Japan
8.4.5 South Korea
8.4.6 India
8.4.7 Australia
8.4.8 Taiwan
8.4.9 Indonesia
8.4.10 Thailand
8.4.11 Malaysia
8.4.12 Philippines
8.4.13 Vietnam
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Mexico
9.4.4 Brazil
9.4.5 Argentina
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Type
10.2 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Application
10.3 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Breakdown Data by Countries
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Sales by Countries
10.3.2 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Revenue by Countries
10.3.3 Turkey
10.3.4 Saudi Arabia
10.3.5 U.A.E
11 Company Profiles
11.1 Huvis
11.1.1 Huvis Corporation Information
11.1.2 Huvis Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.1.3 Huvis Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.1.4 Huvis Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.1.5 Huvis SWOT Analysis
11.1.6 Huvis Recent Developments
11.2 Toray Chemical Korea
11.2.1 Toray Chemical Korea Corporation Information
11.2.2 Toray Chemical Korea Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.2.3 Toray Chemical Korea Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.2.4 Toray Chemical Korea Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.2.5 Toray Chemical Korea SWOT Analysis
11.2.6 Toray Chemical Korea Recent Developments
11.3 FETL
11.3.1 FETL Corporation Information
11.3.2 FETL Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.3.3 FETL Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.3.4 FETL Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.3.5 FETL SWOT Analysis
11.3.6 FETL Recent Developments
11.4 Nan Ya Plastics
11.4.1 Nan Ya Plastics Corporation Information
11.4.2 Nan Ya Plastics Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.4.3 Nan Ya Plastics Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.4.4 Nan Ya Plastics Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.4.5 Nan Ya Plastics SWOT Analysis
11.4.6 Nan Ya Plastics Recent Developments
11.5 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company
11.5.1 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company Corporation Information
11.5.2 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.5.3 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.5.4 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.5.5 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company SWOT Analysis
11.5.6 XiangLu Chemical Fibers Limited Liability Company Recent Developments
11.6 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
11.6.1 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Corporation Information
11.6.2 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.6.3 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.6.4 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.6.5 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. SWOT Analysis
11.6.6 Tinfulong Winning Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Recent Developments
11.7 DAFA FIBER
11.7.1 DAFA FIBER Corporation Information
11.7.2 DAFA FIBER Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.7.3 DAFA FIBER Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.7.4 DAFA FIBER Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.7.5 DAFA FIBER SWOT Analysis
11.7.6 DAFA FIBER Recent Developments
11.8 Taekwang
11.8.1 Taekwang Corporation Information
11.8.2 Taekwang Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.8.3 Taekwang Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.8.4 Taekwang Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.8.5 Taekwang SWOT Analysis
11.8.6 Taekwang Recent Developments
11.9 IFG Exelto NV
11.9.1 IFG Exelto NV Corporation Information
11.9.2 IFG Exelto NV Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.9.3 IFG Exelto NV Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.9.4 IFG Exelto NV Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.9.5 IFG Exelto NV SWOT Analysis
11.9.6 IFG Exelto NV Recent Developments
11.10 Hickory Springs
11.10.1 Hickory Springs Corporation Information
11.10.2 Hickory Springs Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.10.3 Hickory Springs Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.10.4 Hickory Springs Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.10.5 Hickory Springs SWOT Analysis
11.10.6 Hickory Springs Recent Developments
11.11 Dividan
11.11.1 Dividan Corporation Information
11.11.2 Dividan Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.11.3 Dividan Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.11.4 Dividan Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.11.5 Dividan SWOT Analysis
11.11.6 Dividan Recent Developments
11.12 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD.
11.12.1 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Corporation Information
11.12.2 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.12.3 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.12.4 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.12.5 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. SWOT Analysis
11.12.6 Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,LTD. Recent Developments
11.13 CNV Corporation
11.13.1 CNV Corporation Corporation Information
11.13.2 CNV Corporation Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.13.3 CNV Corporation Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.13.4 CNV Corporation Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.13.5 CNV Corporation SWOT Analysis
11.13.6 CNV Corporation Recent Developments
11.14 Shyam Fibers
11.14.1 Shyam Fibers Corporation Information
11.14.2 Shyam Fibers Business Overview and Total Revenue (2019 VS 2018)
11.14.3 Shyam Fibers Low Melt Fiber Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
11.14.4 Shyam Fibers Low Melt Fiber Products and Services
11.14.5 Shyam Fibers SWOT Analysis
11.14.6 Shyam Fibers Recent Developments
12 Supply Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
12.1 Supply Chain Analysis
12.2 Sales Channels Analysis
12.2.1 Low Melt Fiber Sales Channels
12.2.2 Low Melt Fiber Distributors
12.3 Low Melt Fiber Customers
13 Estimates and Projections by Regions (2021-2026)
13.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.1.1 Global Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
13.1.2 Global Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
13.2 North America Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)
13.2.1 North America Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.2.2 North America Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
13.2.3 North America Low Melt Fiber Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)
13.3 Europe Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)
13.3.1 Europe Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.3.2 Europe Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
13.3.3 Europe Low Melt Fiber Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)
13.4 Asia Pacific Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)
13.4.1 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.4.2 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
13.4.3 Asia Pacific Low Melt Fiber Size Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
13.5 Latin America Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)
13.5.1 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.5.2 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
13.5.3 Latin America Low Melt Fiber Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)
13.6 Middle East and Africa Market Forecast
13.6.1 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Sales Forecast (2021-2026)
13.6.2 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
13.6.3 Middle East and Africa Low Melt Fiber Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.2 Data Source
15.2 Author Details
15.3 Disclaimer
