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Pharma & Healthcare

Global IBS-C Drug Industry Research Report, Growth Trends and Competitive Analysis 2021-2027

IBS‑C is defined as belly pain (abdominal pain) associated with constipation. The symptoms of IBS‑C are defined as long-lasting and keep coming back. Those suffering from IBS‑C also have hard or lumpy stools at least 25% of the time, and loose or watery stools less than 25% of the time.
The important driver increasing growth in the Global Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation drugs Market are modern dietary habits that are having adverse effects on the human body. Some of the dietary habits leading to constipation include high intake of foods like insoluble fiber, grains, milk, fried foods, etc. Excessive intake of caffeine and alcohol increases excretion, and this loss of water through urination can also lead to IBS.
The global IBS-C Drug market size is projected to reach US$ XX million by 2027, from US$ XX million in 2020, at a CAGR of XX% during 2021-2027.
In terms of production side, this report researches the IBS-C Drug production capacity, value, ex-factory price, growth rate, market share by manufacturers, regions (or countries) and by Type.
In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the consumption of IBS-C Drug by regions (countries) and by Application.
The global IBS-C Drug market is thoroughly, accurately, and comprehensively assessed in the report with a large focus on market dynamics, market competition, regional growth, segmental analysis, and key growth strategies. Buyers of the report will have access to verified market figures, including global market size in terms of revenue and volume. As part of production analysis, the authors of the report have provided reliable estimations and calculations for global revenue and volume by Type segment of the global IBS-C Drug market. These figures have been provided in terms of both revenue and volume for the period 2016-2027. Additionally, the report provides accurate figures for production by region in terms of revenue as well as volume for the same period. The report also includes production capacity statistics for the same period.
Geographic Segmentation
The report offers exhaustive assessment of different region-wise IBS-C Drug markets such as North America, Europe, China and Japan, etc. Key regions covered in the report are U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E
For the period 2016-2027, the report provides country-wise revenue and volume sales analysis and region-wise revenue and volume analysis of the global IBS-C Drug market. For the period 2016-2021, it provides sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of different regional markets by each application as well as type segment in terms of volume.
Manufacturers
The report includes comprehensive company profiling of leading and emerging companies competing in the global IBS-C Drug market. It provides a detailed list of players operating at a global level. The players have been listed according to the type of products they offer in the global IBS-C Drug market and other factors. As part of the company profiling, the analysts authoring the report has provided the market entry year of each player considered for the research study. The report also offers extensive price, volume sales, and revenue analysis by the manufacturer at the global level for the period 2016-2021.
By Type and Application Segments
The report includes a detailed analysis of leading and type and application segments of the global IBS-C Drug market. All of the segments covered in the report are broadly analyzed based on some deciding factors. The segmental analysis section of the report offers revenue sales analysis and forecast of the global IBS-C Drug market by each type segment for the period 2016-2027. It also offers volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global IBS-C Drug market by each type segment for the same period. Also, it provides volume sales (consumption) analysis and forecast of the global IBS-C Drug market by each application segment for the same period.
This report includes the following manufacturers:
Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions
Nestle
Abbott Laboratories
Synergy Pharmaceuticals
Sucampo Pharmaceuticals
Novartis Pharma
Astellas Pharmaceuticals
Ardelyx
Synthetic Biologics
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
Bama-Geve
Ferring BV
Ironwood Pharmaceuticals
Salix Pharmaceuticals
Norgine
Prometheus Laboratories
Actavis Nordic
Albireo Pharma
Yuhan Corp
Astrazeneca
The Menarini Group
Ono Pharmaceutical
Market Segment by Type
Linaclotide
Lubiprostone
Osmotic Laxatives
Stimulant Laxatives
Other
Market Segment by Application
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
Research Methodology
To compile the detailed study of the global IBS-C Drug market, a robust research methodology has been adopted that aids in determining the key insights and also evaluates the growth prospects of the IBS-C Drug market. LBI Research analysts have conducted in-depth primary and secondary research to obtain crucial insights into the IBS-C Drug market. To carry out secondary research, the analysts have collected the information through company annual reports, journals, company press releases, and paid databases that were referred to gain and identify better opportunities in the global market.
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size Growth Rate by Type
1.2.2 Linaclotide
1.2.3 Lubiprostone
1.2.4 Osmotic Laxatives
1.2.5 Stimulant Laxatives
1.2.6 Other
1.3 Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global IBS-C Drug Market Share by Application (2016 VS 2021 VS 2027)
1.3.2 Hospital Pharmacies
1.3.3 Retail Pharmacies
1.3.4 Online Pharmacies
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered

2 Market Perspective
2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size (2016-2027)
2.1.1 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue (2016-2027)
2.1.2 Global IBS-C Drug Sales (2016-2027)
2.2 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size across Key Geographies Worldwide: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
2.2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales by Regions (2016-2021)
2.2.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue by Regions (2016-2021)
2.3 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size Forecast by Region
2.3.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
2.3.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
2.4 Global Top IBS-C Drug Regions (Countries) Ranking by Market Size
2.5 IBS-C Drug Industry Trends
2.5.1 IBS-C Drug Market Trends
2.5.2 IBS-C Drug Market Drivers
2.5.3 IBS-C Drug Market Challenges
2.5.4 IBS-C Drug Market Restraints

3 Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
3.1 Global Top IBS-C Drug Manufacturers by Sales (2016-2021)
3.1.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
3.1.2 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
3.1.3 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by IBS-C Drug Sales in 2020
3.2 Global Top Manufacturers IBS-C Drug by Revenue
3.2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
3.2.2 Top IBS-C Drug Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue
3.2.3 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
3.2.4 Global IBS-C Drug Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in IBS-C Drug as of 2020)
3.4 Global IBS-C Drug Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers
3.5 Key Manufacturers IBS-C Drug Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into IBS-C Drug Market
3.7 Key Manufacturers IBS-C Drug Product Offered
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type
4.1 Global IBS-C Drug Historic Market Review by Type (2016-2021)
4.1.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
4.1.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
4.1.3 IBS-C Drug Price by Type (2016-2021)
4.2 Global IBS-C Drug Market Estimates and Forecasts by Type (2022-2027)
4.2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
4.2.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
4.2.3 IBS-C Drug Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)

5 Global IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application
5.1 Global IBS-C Drug Historic Market Review by Application (2016-2021)
5.1.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
5.1.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
5.1.3 IBS-C Drug Price by Application (2016-2021)
5.2 Global IBS-C Drug Market Estimates and Forecasts by Application (2022-2027)
5.2.1 Global IBS-C Drug Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
5.2.2 Global IBS-C Drug Revenue Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
5.2.3 IBS-C Drug Price Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

6 North America
6.1 North America IBS-C Drug Sales Breakdown by Company
6.1.1 North America IBS-C Drug Sales by Company (2016-2027)
6.1.2 North America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Company (2016-2027)
6.2 North America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type (2016-2027)
6.2.1 North America IBS-C Drug Sales by Type (2016-2027)
6.2.2 North America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Type (2016-2027)
6.3 North America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application (2016-2027)
6.3.1 North America IBS-C Drug Sales by Application (2016-2027)
6.3.2 North America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Application (2016-2027)
6.4 North America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Country
6.4.1 North America IBS-C Drug Sales by Country (2016-2027)
6.4.2 North America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Country (2016-2027)
6.4.3 U.S.
6.4.4 Canada

7 Europe
7.1 Europe IBS-C Drug Sales Breakdown by Company
7.1.1 Europe IBS-C Drug Sales by Company (2016-2027)
7.1.2 Europe IBS-C Drug Revenue by Company (2016-2027)
7.2 Europe IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type (2016-2027)
7.2.1 Europe IBS-C Drug Sales by Type (2016-2027)
7.2.2 Europe IBS-C Drug Revenue by Type (2016-2027)
7.3 Europe IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application (2016-2027)
7.3.1 Europe IBS-C Drug Sales by Application (2016-2027)
7.3.2 Europe IBS-C Drug Revenue by Application (2016-2027)
7.4 Europe IBS-C Drug Market Size by Country
7.4.1 Europe IBS-C Drug Sales by Country (2016-2027)
7.4.2 Europe IBS-C Drug Revenue by Country (2016-2027)
7.4.3 Germany
7.4.4 France
7.4.5 U.K.
7.4.6 Italy
7.4.7 Russia

8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Sales Breakdown by Company
8.1.1 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Sales by Company (2016-2027)
8.1.2 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Revenue by Company (2016-2027)
8.2 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type (2016-2027)
8.2.1 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Sales by Type (2016-2027)
8.2.2 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Revenue by Type (2016-2027)
8.3 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application (2016-2027)
8.3.1 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Sales by Application (2016-2027)
8.3.2 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Revenue by Application (2016-2027)
8.4 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Market Size by Regions
8.4.1 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Sales by Regions
8.4.2 Asia Pacific IBS-C Drug Revenue by Regions
8.4.3 China
8.4.4 Japan
8.4.5 South Korea
8.4.6 India
8.4.7 Australia
8.4.8 Taiwan
8.4.9 Indonesia
8.4.10 Thailand
8.4.11 Malaysia
8.4.12 Philippines
8.4.13 Vietnam

9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America IBS-C Drug Sales Breakdown by Company
9.1.1 Latin America IBS-C Drug Sales by Company (2016-2027)
9.1.2 Latin America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Company (2016-2027)
9.2 Latin America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type (2016-2027)
9.2.1 Latin America IBS-C Drug Sales by Type (2016-2027)
9.2.2 Latin America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Type (2016-2027)
9.3 Latin America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application (2016-2027)
9.3.1 Latin America IBS-C Drug Sales by Application (2016-2027)
9.3.2 Latin America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Application (2016-2027)
9.4 Latin America IBS-C Drug Market Size by Country
9.4.1 Latin America IBS-C Drug Sales by Country (2016-2027)
9.4.2 Latin America IBS-C Drug Revenue by Country (2016-2027)
9.4.3 Mexico
9.4.4 Brazil
9.4.5 Argentina

10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Sales Breakdown by Company
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Sales by Company (2016-2027)
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Revenue by Company (2016-2027)
10.2 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Market Size by Type (2016-2027)
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Sales by Type (2016-2027)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Revenue by Type (2016-2027)
10.3 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Market Size by Application (2016-2027)
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Sales by Application (2016-2027)
10.3.2 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Revenue by Application (2016-2027)
10.4 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Market Size by Country
10.4.1 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Sales by Country (2016-2027)
10.4.2 Middle East and Africa IBS-C Drug Revenue by Country (2016-2027)
10.4.3 Turkey
10.4.4 Saudi Arabia
10.4.5 U.A.E

11 Company Profiles
11.1 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions
11.1.1 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions Corporation Information
11.1.2 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions Overview
11.1.3 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.1.4 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.1.5 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.1.6 Catalent Pharmaceuticals Solutions Recent Developments
11.2 Nestle
11.2.1 Nestle Corporation Information
11.2.2 Nestle Overview
11.2.3 Nestle IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.2.4 Nestle IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.2.5 Nestle IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.2.6 Nestle Recent Developments
11.3 Abbott Laboratories
11.3.1 Abbott Laboratories Corporation Information
11.3.2 Abbott Laboratories Overview
11.3.3 Abbott Laboratories IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.3.4 Abbott Laboratories IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.3.5 Abbott Laboratories IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.3.6 Abbott Laboratories Recent Developments
11.4 Synergy Pharmaceuticals
11.4.1 Synergy Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
11.4.2 Synergy Pharmaceuticals Overview
11.4.3 Synergy Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.4.4 Synergy Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.4.5 Synergy Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.4.6 Synergy Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
11.5 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals
11.5.1 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
11.5.2 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals Overview
11.5.3 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.5.4 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.5.5 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.5.6 Sucampo Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
11.6 Novartis Pharma
11.6.1 Novartis Pharma Corporation Information
11.6.2 Novartis Pharma Overview
11.6.3 Novartis Pharma IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.6.4 Novartis Pharma IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.6.5 Novartis Pharma IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.6.6 Novartis Pharma Recent Developments
11.7 Astellas Pharmaceuticals
11.7.1 Astellas Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
11.7.2 Astellas Pharmaceuticals Overview
11.7.3 Astellas Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.7.4 Astellas Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.7.5 Astellas Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.7.6 Astellas Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
11.8 Ardelyx
11.8.1 Ardelyx Corporation Information
11.8.2 Ardelyx Overview
11.8.3 Ardelyx IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.8.4 Ardelyx IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.8.5 Ardelyx IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.8.6 Ardelyx Recent Developments
11.9 Synthetic Biologics
11.9.1 Synthetic Biologics Corporation Information
11.9.2 Synthetic Biologics Overview
11.9.3 Synthetic Biologics IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.9.4 Synthetic Biologics IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.9.5 Synthetic Biologics IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.9.6 Synthetic Biologics Recent Developments
11.10 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
11.10.1 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Corporation Information
11.10.2 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Overview
11.10.3 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.10.4 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.10.5 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries IBS-C Drug SWOT Analysis
11.10.6 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Recent Developments
11.11 Bama-Geve
11.11.1 Bama-Geve Corporation Information
11.11.2 Bama-Geve Overview
11.11.3 Bama-Geve IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.11.4 Bama-Geve IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.11.5 Bama-Geve Recent Developments
11.12 Ferring BV
11.12.1 Ferring BV Corporation Information
11.12.2 Ferring BV Overview
11.12.3 Ferring BV IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.12.4 Ferring BV IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.12.5 Ferring BV Recent Developments
11.13 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals
11.13.1 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
11.13.2 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Overview
11.13.3 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.13.4 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.13.5 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
11.14 Salix Pharmaceuticals
11.14.1 Salix Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
11.14.2 Salix Pharmaceuticals Overview
11.14.3 Salix Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.14.4 Salix Pharmaceuticals IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.14.5 Salix Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments
11.15 Norgine
11.15.1 Norgine Corporation Information
11.15.2 Norgine Overview
11.15.3 Norgine IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.15.4 Norgine IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.15.5 Norgine Recent Developments
11.16 Prometheus Laboratories
11.16.1 Prometheus Laboratories Corporation Information
11.16.2 Prometheus Laboratories Overview
11.16.3 Prometheus Laboratories IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.16.4 Prometheus Laboratories IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.16.5 Prometheus Laboratories Recent Developments
11.17 Actavis Nordic
11.17.1 Actavis Nordic Corporation Information
11.17.2 Actavis Nordic Overview
11.17.3 Actavis Nordic IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.17.4 Actavis Nordic IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.17.5 Actavis Nordic Recent Developments
11.18 Albireo Pharma
11.18.1 Albireo Pharma Corporation Information
11.18.2 Albireo Pharma Overview
11.18.3 Albireo Pharma IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.18.4 Albireo Pharma IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.18.5 Albireo Pharma Recent Developments
11.19 Yuhan Corp
11.19.1 Yuhan Corp Corporation Information
11.19.2 Yuhan Corp Overview
11.19.3 Yuhan Corp IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.19.4 Yuhan Corp IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.19.5 Yuhan Corp Recent Developments
11.20 Astrazeneca
11.20.1 Astrazeneca Corporation Information
11.20.2 Astrazeneca Overview
11.20.3 Astrazeneca IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.20.4 Astrazeneca IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.20.5 Astrazeneca Recent Developments
11.21 The Menarini Group
11.21.1 The Menarini Group Corporation Information
11.21.2 The Menarini Group Overview
11.21.3 The Menarini Group IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.21.4 The Menarini Group IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.21.5 The Menarini Group Recent Developments
11.22 Ono Pharmaceutical
11.22.1 Ono Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
11.22.2 Ono Pharmaceutical Overview
11.22.3 Ono Pharmaceutical IBS-C Drug Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
11.22.4 Ono Pharmaceutical IBS-C Drug Products and Services
11.22.5 Ono Pharmaceutical Recent Developments

12 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
12.1 IBS-C Drug Value Chain Analysis
12.2 IBS-C Drug Key Raw Materials
12.2.1 Key Raw Materials
12.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
12.3 IBS-C Drug Production Mode & Process
12.4 IBS-C Drug Sales and Marketing
12.4.1 IBS-C Drug Sales Channels
12.4.2 IBS-C Drug Distributors
12.5 IBS-C Drug Customers
13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.2 Data Source
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
  • FORMAT: PDF
  • PUBLISHED DATE: Mar, 2021
  • NO OF PAGES: 102