Snapshot
The global Battery Push Lawn Mower market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Battery Push Lawn Mower by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Under 12 in
12-16 in
16-21 in
21-27 in
Above 27 in
Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
BLACK+DECKER Inc.
Snow Joe, LLC.
Global Garden Products
STIHL Inc
GreenWorks
MTD
WORX
Earthwise
Emak
Ryobi
Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Residential
Commercial
Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
The global Battery Push Lawn Mower market size is estimated at xxx million USD with a CAGR xx% from 2016-2020 and is expected to reach xxx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR xx% from 2021 to 2026. The report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Battery Push Lawn Mower by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.
Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):
Under 12 in
12-16 in
16-21 in
21-27 in
Above 27 in
Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):
BLACK+DECKER Inc.
Snow Joe, LLC.
Global Garden Products
STIHL Inc
GreenWorks
MTD
WORX
Earthwise
Emak
Ryobi
Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):
Residential
Commercial
Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Battery Push Lawn Mower Industry
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Battery Push Lawn Mower
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Battery Push Lawn Mower
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Battery Push Lawn Mower
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Battery Push Lawn Mower Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Under 12 in
Table Major Company List of Under 12 in
3.1.2 12-16 in
Table Major Company List of 12-16 in
3.1.3 16-21 in
Table Major Company List of 16-21 in
3.1.4 21-27 in
Table Major Company List of 21-27 in
3.1.5 Above 27 in
Table Major Company List of Above 27 in
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 BLACK+DECKER Inc. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Profile
Table BLACK+DECKER Inc. Overview List
4.1.2 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Products & Services
4.1.3 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of BLACK+DECKER Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 Snow Joe, LLC. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 Snow Joe, LLC. Profile
Table Snow Joe, LLC. Overview List
4.2.2 Snow Joe, LLC. Products & Services
4.2.3 Snow Joe, LLC. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Snow Joe, LLC. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Global Garden Products (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Global Garden Products Profile
Table Global Garden Products Overview List
4.3.2 Global Garden Products Products & Services
4.3.3 Global Garden Products Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Global Garden Products (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 STIHL Inc (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 STIHL Inc Profile
Table STIHL Inc Overview List
4.4.2 STIHL Inc Products & Services
4.4.3 STIHL Inc Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of STIHL Inc (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 GreenWorks (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 GreenWorks Profile
Table GreenWorks Overview List
4.5.2 GreenWorks Products & Services
4.5.3 GreenWorks Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of GreenWorks (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 MTD (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 MTD Profile
Table MTD Overview List
4.6.2 MTD Products & Services
4.6.3 MTD Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of MTD (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 WORX (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 WORX Profile
Table WORX Overview List
4.7.2 WORX Products & Services
4.7.3 WORX Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of WORX (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 Earthwise (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 Earthwise Profile
Table Earthwise Overview List
4.8.2 Earthwise Products & Services
4.8.3 Earthwise Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Earthwise (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.9 Emak (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.9.1 Emak Profile
Table Emak Overview List
4.9.2 Emak Products & Services
4.9.3 Emak Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Emak (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.10 Ryobi (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.10.1 Ryobi Profile
Table Ryobi Overview List
4.10.2 Ryobi Products & Services
4.10.3 Ryobi Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Ryobi (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Residential
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Residential , 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Residential , 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Commercial
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Commercial , 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Commercial , 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion
1 Industry Overview
1.1 Battery Push Lawn Mower Industry
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Industry Chain Structure
1.1.1 Overview
1.1.2 Development of Battery Push Lawn Mower
1.2 Market Segment
1.2.1 Upstream
Table Upstream Segment of Battery Push Lawn Mower
1.2.2 Downstream
Table Application Segment of Battery Push Lawn Mower
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2026, by Application, in USD Million
1.2.3 COVID-19 Impact
1.3 Cost Analysis
2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)
2.1 Policy
2.2 Economics
2.3 Sociology
2.4 Technology
3 Battery Push Lawn Mower Market by Type
3.1 By Type
3.1.1 Under 12 in
Table Major Company List of Under 12 in
3.1.2 12-16 in
Table Major Company List of 12-16 in
3.1.3 16-21 in
Table Major Company List of 16-21 in
3.1.4 21-27 in
Table Major Company List of 21-27 in
3.1.5 Above 27 in
Table Major Company List of Above 27 in
3.2 Market Size
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2016-2020, by Type, in Volume
3.3 Market Forecast
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Type, in Volume
4 Major Companies List
4.1 BLACK+DECKER Inc. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.1.1 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Profile
Table BLACK+DECKER Inc. Overview List
4.1.2 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Products & Services
4.1.3 BLACK+DECKER Inc. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of BLACK+DECKER Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.2 Snow Joe, LLC. (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.2.1 Snow Joe, LLC. Profile
Table Snow Joe, LLC. Overview List
4.2.2 Snow Joe, LLC. Products & Services
4.2.3 Snow Joe, LLC. Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Snow Joe, LLC. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.3 Global Garden Products (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.3.1 Global Garden Products Profile
Table Global Garden Products Overview List
4.3.2 Global Garden Products Products & Services
4.3.3 Global Garden Products Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Global Garden Products (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.4 STIHL Inc (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.4.1 STIHL Inc Profile
Table STIHL Inc Overview List
4.4.2 STIHL Inc Products & Services
4.4.3 STIHL Inc Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of STIHL Inc (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.5 GreenWorks (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.5.1 GreenWorks Profile
Table GreenWorks Overview List
4.5.2 GreenWorks Products & Services
4.5.3 GreenWorks Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of GreenWorks (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.6 MTD (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.6.1 MTD Profile
Table MTD Overview List
4.6.2 MTD Products & Services
4.6.3 MTD Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of MTD (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.7 WORX (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.7.1 WORX Profile
Table WORX Overview List
4.7.2 WORX Products & Services
4.7.3 WORX Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of WORX (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.8 Earthwise (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.8.1 Earthwise Profile
Table Earthwise Overview List
4.8.2 Earthwise Products & Services
4.8.3 Earthwise Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Earthwise (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.9 Emak (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.9.1 Emak Profile
Table Emak Overview List
4.9.2 Emak Products & Services
4.9.3 Emak Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Emak (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
4.10 Ryobi (Company Profile, Sales Data etc.)
4.10.1 Ryobi Profile
Table Ryobi Overview List
4.10.2 Ryobi Products & Services
4.10.3 Ryobi Business Operation Conditions
Table Business Operation of Ryobi (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
5 Market Competition
5.1 Company Competition
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue Share 2016-2020, by Company, in USD Million
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Revenue Share in 2020, by Company, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume Share 2016-2020, by Company, in Volume
Figure Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Sales Volume Share in 2020, by Company, in Volume
5.2 Regional Market by Company
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower MMarket Concentration, in 2020
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Concentration, in 2020
6 Demand by End Market
6.1 Demand Situation
6.1.1 Demand in Residential
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Residential , 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Residential , 2016-2020, in Volume
6.1.2 Demand in Commercial
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Commercial , 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand in Commercial , 2016-2020, in Volume
6.2 Regional Demand Comparison
Table Regional Demand Comparison List
Table Major Application in Different Regions
6.3 Demand Forecast
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in USD Million
Figure Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share in 2026, by Application, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Demand Forecast 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Growth 2021-2026, by Application, in Volume
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share in 2026, by Application, in Volume
6.4 Impact of the COVID-19 on the Demand
7 Region Operation
7.1 Regional Production
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Production 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Production 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.2 Regional Market
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in USD Million
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
Table Global Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Share 2016-2020, by Region, in Volume
7.3 by Region
7.3.1 North America
7.3.1.1 Overview
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.1.2 by Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Table North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table North America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.2 Europe
7.3.2.1 Overview
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.2.2 by Country (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)
Table Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Europe Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.3 Asia-Pacific
7.3.3.1 Overview
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.3.2 by Country (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)
Table Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Asia-Pacific Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.4 South America
7.3.4.1 Overview
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.4.2 by Country (Brazil, Argentina etc.)
Table South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table South America Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.3.5 Middle East & Africa
7.3.5.1 Overview
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in USD Million
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size and Growth 2016-2020, in Volume
7.3.5.2 by Country (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)
Table Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in USD Million
Table Middle East & Africa Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Size 2016-2020, by Country, in Volume
7.4 Regional Import & Export
7.5 Regional Forecast
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in USD Million
Table Battery Push Lawn Mower Market Forecast 2021-2026, by Region, in Volume
8 Marketing & Price
8.1 Price and Margin
8.1.1 Price Trends
8.1.2 Factors of Price Change
Table Price Factors List
8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis
8.2 Marketing Channel
Figure Marketing Channels Overview
9 Research Conclusion
